CHILDHOOD OBESITY: THE IMPACT OF ULTRA - PROCESSED FOODS ON METABOLIC ALTERATIONS AND INSULIN RESISTANCE

Resumo

Introduction: The increased consumption of ultra -processed foods during childhood has been associated with significant metabolic alterations, especially insulin resistance, due to the high intake of simple sugars and fats. Objectives:To analyze the relation b etween the continuous consumption of ultra -processed foods and the development of childhood obesity, with emphasis on metabolic alterations and insulin resistance. Materials and Methods:This is a narrative literature review conducted through searches in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases, using descriptors such as “childhood obesity,” “child metabolism,” “ultra-processed foods,” and “insulin resistance.” Studies published within the last 10 years in Portuguese, Spanish, and English were included. Results: Most of the analyzed studies indicate that diets high in ultra -processed foods promote a positive energy balance, contributing to adipose tissue accumulation. High sugar intake leads to frequent episodes of hyperglycemia, resulting in compensatory incr eases in insulin secretion. Chronic exposure to this condition may lead to hyperinsulinemia and reduced tissue sensitivity to insulin, characterizing insulin resistance -a condition associated with a higher risk of obesity and other metabolic dysfunctions in childhood. Conclusion: Frequent consumption of ultra -processed foods is associated with the development of childhood obesity and metabolic alterations, including insulin resistance. These findings reinforce the need for nutritional education strategies, as well as the implementation of preventive measures and early interventions aimed at promoting healthy habits during childhood.