INFLAMMATION AND CELLULAR SENESCENCE IN SKELETAL MUSCLE INSULIN RESISTANCE: A LITERATURE REVIEW ON TH E EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL EXERCISE

Resumo

Obesity generates chronic low -grade inflammation which, combined with cellular senescence, impairs skeletal muscle tissue. This scenario activates inflammatory pathways, such as TLR-4 and NF-κB, that block insulin signaling, hindering glucose uptake and promoting Type 2 Diabetes. In contrast, physical exercise acts as a fundamental intervention to break this cycle by reducing inflammation, improving metabolism, and restoring metabolic balance; thus, it serves as an effective non -pharmacological strategy. Therefore, the interaction between inflammation and senescence is the central axis of insulin resistance in the muscle. Physical exercise is capable of attenuating these mechanisms, making it essential in the prevention and control of metabolic diseases.