INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERIODONTAL AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES: A MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH

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ABSTRACT Introduction: Periodontal disease (PD) is a no n-transmissible infectious and inflammatory condition resulting from an imbalance between the commensal oral microbiome and the host's immune response. This dysfunction leads to the destruction of dental support tissues and compromises the effective elimin ation of bacteria. The oral cavity, which harbors the second largest microbiota in the human body, plays a fundamental role in maintaining overall health and is related to the onset of several systemic diseases. In this context, the growing scientific evidence pointing to a connection between periodontal disease (PD) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), such as atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and stroke, stands out. Objective: This study aims to analyze the association between periodontal disease (PD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), highlighting the importance of an integrated approach in the prevention and treatment of these pathologies. Materials and Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted based on studies published in the PubMed datab ase in the last 3 years. The search was performed using the descriptors "cardiovascular diseases" and "periodontal diseases". Original articles, systematic reviews, and meta -analyses that presented evidence of a possible connection between these diseases were included. Results: The analyzed studies indicate that periodontal disease (PD) may contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) through the systemic dissemination of periodontal bacteria and the induction of chronic inflammatory respon ses, with the release of cytokines. The association was stronger in men and the elderly, due to factors such as age -related vascular degeneration and lower hormonal protection, especially estrogenic, in men. There is also an influence of behavioral factors , such as inadequate diet, smoking, and sedentary lifestyle, favored by globalized lifestyles. Although the correlation between PD and CVD is consistent, the data are still heterogeneous and do not allow for a definitive causal relationship to be establish ed. Conclusion: The potential connection between periodontal disease (PD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) reinforces the need for interdisciplinary strategies that integrate oral health with general medical care. Dental professionals should be aware of the importance of preventing and controlling periodontal disease as part of promoting cardiovascular health. Well -designed studies are recommended to deepen the understanding of the pathophysiology involved. Integrating periodontal examinations into routine assessments can contribute to more holistic and effective care.